1、Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in and content. ( ) 单选题 2分

2、word-meaning always change by the following modes EXCEPT ___. ( ) 单选题 2分

3、Which of the following is one of the types of changes in word-meaning? ( ) 单选题 2分

4、Which of the following is NOT the modes of word-meaning changing? ( ) 单选题 2分

5、The word churl once meant a peasant or a free man, but now means uncultivated or mean person. This is an example of ___ of word-meaning. ( ) 单选题 2分

6、The word criticize used to mean “appraise”, but now means “find fault with”. This example shows ___ of meaning. ( ) 单选题 2分

7、The meaning of the word “knave” has changed from “boy” to “dishonest person”. Such a change is called ___. ( ) 单选题 2分

8、For the word fond, its original meaning was “foolish”,and now it means “affectionate”. This shows the process of ____. ( ) 单选题 2分

9、Which of the following words has undergone elevation of meaning? ( ) 单选题 2分

10、The word “constable” originally meant a “keeper of horses”, but now has changed to a “high-ranking army officer” and “policeman” respectively. This process of meaning change is called ___. ( ) 单选题 2分

11、The word wife originally meant “woman”, but now means “a married woman” only. This example shows ___ of meaning. ( ) 单选题 2分

12、Which of the following words has NOT undergone extension of meaning? ( ) 单选题 2分

13、The word mill originally denoted mere “place for grinding grain into flour”, but now has come to include “place where things are made”. This example shows ___ of meaning. ( ) 单选题 2分

14、The word “butcher” originally meant mere “one who kills goats”, but now means “one who kills animals”. The example reflects one type of changes in word meaning, that is, ___. ( ) 单选题 2分

15、___ is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized. ( ) 单选题 2分

16、dreadful originally meant “fearful”, but now has changed to “making others be afraid”. This example shows ___. ( ) 单选题 2分

17、The meaning of loud colors has changed from “hearing” and “sight”. This example shows___. ( ) 单选题 2分

18、Glass for “cup”, dish for “food” are all instances of ___ transfer. ( ) 单选题 2分

19、Which of the following words has undergone narrowing of meaning? ( ) 单选题 2分

20、The word “poison” originally meant “drink”, but now has come to mean “poisonous drink”. This is an example to illustrate ___ of meaning. ( ) 单选题 2分

21、When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is ___ accordingly such as “the City”, which means the “business centre of London”. ( ) 单选题 2分

22、There is associated transfer, for example, the lip of a wound; the tongue of a bell; the ___ of a plane, in which the meaning is transferred through association. ( ) 单选题 2分

23、Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance” and later took on the meaning “fortunate”. Such change of word-meaning is caused by ___. ( ) 单选题 2分

24、The following are extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning EXCEPT ____. ( ) 单选题 2分

25、___ reason is reflected in the meaning change of the word car, from “a two-wheel cart drawn by horses and used in war” to “automobile”. ( ) 单选题 2分

26、Which of the following is one of the extra-linguistic factors that change word-meaning? ( ) 单选题 2分

27、Which of the following is NOT one of the linguistic factors that cause the change of meaning? ( ) 单选题 2分

28、Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning? ( ) 单选题 2分

29、The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words are often due to ___ factors. ( ) 单选题 2分

30、Vocabulary is the most instable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and ___. 填空题 2分

31、The word bonfire originally denoted mere “fire used to burn bones”, but now has come to include “campfire”. ___ of meaning is reflected in this example. 填空题 2分

32、The change of the meaning in the word “butcher”, which originally denoted “one who kills goats”, but has come to mean “one who kills animals” reflects ___ in the sense of word-meaning change. 填空题 2分

33、The word “picture” originally denoted only “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”. This is an example to illustrate ___. 填空题 2分

34、Extension also known as ____. 填空题 2分

35、Extension of meaning is a process by which a word originally had a specialized meaning has now become ____. 填空题 2分

36、The word “garage” originally simply meant “any safe place”, but now means “a place for storing cars”. Such kind of change in word-meaning is called ___. 填空题 2分

37、The process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a specialized sense is called ___ of meaning. 填空题 2分

38、Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of ____ meaning. 填空题 2分

39、Churl, hussy, wench, villain were originally neutral in color but have all down-graded as “ill-mannered or bad people”. This example shows that the attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of ____. 填空题 2分

40、The process by which words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense is called ___. 填空题 2分

41、Observation shows that it is much more common for word meanings to change in denotation from ___ to pejorative than it is for them to go the other way. 填空题 2分

42、Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of ____ elevation. 填空题 2分

43、Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic ___. 填空题 2分

44、____ or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 填空题 2分

45、The word pen formerly meant a “feather”. At present, it refers to an “ball-point pens or fountain pens” rather than a person. This example shows the fact that it often happens a word is retained for a name though the ___ has changed because the referent has changed. 填空题 2分

46、Increased scientific knowledge and discovery are also important factors that account for the change of word ___. 填空题 2分

47、Car which used to be a “two-wheel cart drawn by horses and used in ____” has taken on the meaning “automobile” with the development of modern car industry. 填空题 2分

48、Changes of word meaning are due to linguistic factors and ____ factors. 填空题 2分

49、The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ____. 填空题 2分

50、Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance”, “accidental” and later took on the meaning “fortunate” probably by ____ because the two words look similar. 填空题 2分