1、（   ）grammars attempt to tell what is in the language while （ ）grammars tell people what should be in the language. 单选题 2分

2、When the obstruction created by the speech organ is complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a(n) （   ）. 单选题 2分

3、In its history of development, English has dropped quite a few of its （ C ）affixes; thus in terms of word endings, it is simpler than some other languages such as Russian, French, and German. 单选题 2分

4、The branch of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language is called （ ）. 单选题 2分

5、The two words “horse” and “animal” are in the sense relation of （ ）. 单选题 2分

6、According to Paul Grice, the Cooperative Principle is nearly always observed but the maxims are often violated. Most of these violations give rise to （ ）. 单选题 2分

7、The following are the major topics of historical linguistics EXCEPT （   ）. 单选题 2分

8、（ ） is a bilingual country where French and Flemish Dutch are recognized as official languages. 单选题 2分

9、The following utterance “I eggs and eat and drink coffee breakfast” is most likely produced by a patient whose （ ）is damaged. 单选题 2分

10、According to the （ ）view of language acquisition, children are believed to gradually assume correct forms of the language of their community when their “bad” speech gets corrected and when their good speech gets positively reinforced. 单选题 2分

11、Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any (a ) system of communication. 填空题 1分

12、A (p ) is a phonetic unit. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning.  填空题 1分

13、Phonetically, the (s ) of a compound always falls on the first element. 填空题 1分

14、Structurally, a sentence is an independent unit which usually contains a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. Normally a sentence consists of at least a subject and its (p ). 填空题 1分

15、(C ) analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. 填空题 1分

16、when X is a (c )，it is invariably false, for example, My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor. 填空题 1分

17、The history of English lexical expansion is one that is characterized with heavy (b ) and word formation. 填空题 1分

18、(S ) variation in a person’s speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum from casual to formal according to the type of communicative situation. 填空题 1分

19、The notion that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently is called linguistic (r ). 填空题 1分

20、At some point in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second year, the babbling stage gradually gives way to the earliest recognizable stage of language, often referred to as the (o ) stage. 填空题 1分

21、Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary language, not the written . 判断题 2分

22、Tones can distinguish meaning just like phonemes. 判断题 2分

23、Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word and modify the meaning of the stem，but do not change the part of speech of the original word. 判断题 2分

24、Traditionally, two major types of sentences are distinguished, namely, simple sentence and complex sentence. 判断题 2分

25、Predication analysis is a way to analyze sentence meaning. 判断题 2分

26、Stating, believing, swearing and hypothesizing are among the most typical of the representatives. 判断题 2分

27、The Old English word “Engla-land” came to be pronounced “England” through the assimilation of “la-la” sounds. 判断题 2分

28、Social variation of language is the most discernible and definable speech variation. 判断题 2分

29、In general, the left hemisphere controls voluntary movement of, and responds to signals from, the left side of the body. 判断题 2分

30、In learning English as a second language, many actual errors, such as “goed” and “datas”, are attributable to negative transfer. 判断题 2分

31、parole 简答题 3分

32、tone 简答题 3分

33、free morpheme 简答题 3分

34、combinational rule 简答题 3分

35、reference 简答题 3分

36、context 简答题 3分

37、the Great Vowel Shift 简答题 3分

38、speech community 简答题 3分

39、lateralization 简答题 3分

40、acculturation 简答题 3分

41、Explain the following definition of language: Language is a system of arbitrary symbols used for human communication. 简答题 10分

42、Explain the three acts a speaker might be performing when speaking according to John Austin’s new model of speech act theory.  简答题 10分