1、I. Fill in the blanks in each sentence taken from the textbooks with the words or expressions shown below. 　　The value of snobbery in general, its humanistic"point", consists in its power to （1） activity. A society with plenty of snobberies is like a dog with plenty of （2）: it is not likely to become comatose. Every snobbery demands of its devotees （3） efforts, a succession of sacrifices. The society-snob must be perpetually lion-hunting; the modernity-snob can never rest （4) trying to be up-to-date. Swiss doctors and the Best that has been thought or said must be the daily and nightly preoccupation of all the snobs respectively of (5) and culture. 填空题 5分

2、II.There are four choices marked A,B,C, and D for each incomplete sentence. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. New books were displayed in a ( ) position on tables at the front of the shop. 单选题 1分

3、You need to demonstrate to the examiners that you have more than a(n) ( ) understanding of the text. 单选题 1分

4、III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Disease-snobbery is only one out of a great multitude of snobberies, of which now some, now others take pride of place in general esteem. 简答题 2分

5、The modernity-snob，obviously, is this industrialist best friend. 简答题 2分

6、The newspapers do their best to help those who help them； and to the flood of advertisement added a flood of less directly paid-for propaganda in favour of modernity-snobbery. 简答题 2分

7、The value of snobbery in general, its humanistic＂point＂, consists in its power to stimulate activity. 简答题 2分

8、IV.Translate the following sentences into English. 艺术品的集藏就是文化象征的集藏，而文化象征又代表着社会声望。 简答题 2分

9、我们赞成的只是那些能够引发我们所认为的有益活动的势力。至于其他的势力，我们持容忍或憎恶的态度。 简答题 2分

10、在消费者中有组织的浪费是我们工业繁荣的先决条件。消费者越快扔掉买来的东西并购买新的，对生产者就越好。 简答题 2分

11、新潮势力虽不为我们这个时代独有，却已经变得空前重要。理由很简单，完全是经济原因。由于有了现代化机器，生产速度超过了消费速度……当然，与此同时，生产者必须作出自己的贡献只生产最容易用坏的东西。 简答题 2分

12、V．There are four choices marked A, B, C and D for each incomplete sentence. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 　　People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It's not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not. or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. 　　Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibits certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture". 　　Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. 　　Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists. claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans behavior as almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. 　　The social and political implications show these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast. say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. 　　Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 1．The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ( ). A．why one's behaviors differ from others' B．what makes different stages of intelligence C．how social scientists form different theories D．what causes the "nature/nurture" controversy 2．The word "proponents" can best be replaced by ( ). A．approaches B．advocates C．principles D．characters 3．Which of the following statements may be supported by the "nature" school?( ) A．We are born with certain personalities and behaviors. B．Environment has nothing to do with our personalities. C．Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors. D．Only extreme behaviors are determined by instinct. 4．What can we learn about the behaviorists？( ) A．They believe human beings are mechanical. B．They compare our behaviors to the machines. C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do. D．They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. 5．The "nature" theorists believe that the blacks' low scores ( ). A．are the result of the educational disadvantages B．are a manifestation of the blacks' poor intelligence C．have nothing to do with their true intelligence D．have nothing to do will factors other than heredity 简答题 5分