1、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：If you want to create a better writing, you should rewrite for many times. 单选题 1分

2、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：What you have written at the early stage is often forgotten so the writers need to read it again and again. 单选题 1分

3、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：All the famous writers love reading their own writing and the publishers opinions. 单选题 1分

4、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：When you first begin to write, your minds and ideas seem quite thin and plain. 单选题 1分

5、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：We usually think in the words and sentences, of ordinary language, just like the popular belief. 单选题 1分

6、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：When we write down our ideas, what we do is just like weaving, one thread at a time. 单选题 1分

7、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：Our first attempt at expressing ideas is always very complex. 单选题 1分

8、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：Some strict critics like to look over the writer's shoulders. 单选题 1分

9、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：At the first stage, the writers should think every idea and every word are wonderful and worth putting all down. 单选题 1分

10、下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。 Worries of Writers It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage. I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers 'opinions. One reason we may dis- like reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. Different from popular belief, we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas[ known as“ mentalese(心理语)] ]. And writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦), writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds. When people write as if some strict critics( 批评家 )are looking over their shoulder, they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it, as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. 问：At the second stage, the writers should rewrite and put more new ideas into the writing. .Boqi.. 单选题 1分

11、阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。 Friends and Friendship Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for gran- ted, we often don 't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary greatly. At the beginning, much depends on how people meet and on good first impressions. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background. We pay attention to actual behavior, facial expression, and the way a person speaks. Friends will stand closer together and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly look with the wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare, and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs to have attitudes and interests in common they often talk about being on the same wavelength It generally takes time to reach this report. And the more intimately involved people become the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion. In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association be- tween two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond which can overcome differences in back- ground, and break down barriers of age, class or race. 问：What does the first paragraph say about making friends?（ ） 单选题 2分

12、阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。 Friends and Friendship Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for gran- ted, we often don 't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary greatly. At the beginning, much depends on how people meet and on good first impressions. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background. We pay attention to actual behavior, facial expression, and the way a person speaks. Friends will stand closer together and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly look with the wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare, and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs to have attitudes and interests in common they often talk about being on the same wavelength It generally takes time to reach this report. And the more intimately involved people become the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion. In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association be- tween two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond which can overcome differences in back- ground, and break down barriers of age, class or race. 问：The second paragraph tells us that sometimes a face with the wrong expression could be mistaken as a sign of（ ）. 单选题 2分

13、阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。 Friends and Friendship Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for gran- ted, we often don 't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary greatly. At the beginning, much depends on how people meet and on good first impressions. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background. We pay attention to actual behavior, facial expression, and the way a person speaks. Friends will stand closer together and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly look with the wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare, and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs to have attitudes and interests in common they often talk about being on the same wavelength It generally takes time to reach this report. And the more intimately involved people become the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion. In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association be- tween two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond which can overcome differences in back- ground, and break down barriers of age, class or race. 问：What does the passage imply about marriage?（ ） 单选题 2分

14、阅读下面短文,请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。 Friends and Friendship Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for gran- ted, we often don 't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary greatly. At the beginning, much depends on how people meet and on good first impressions. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background. We pay attention to actual behavior, facial expression, and the way a person speaks. Friends will stand closer together and soft voices also express friendliness, and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty in making friends. A friendly look with the wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare, and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness. Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs to have attitudes and interests in common they often talk about being on the same wavelength It generally takes time to reach this report. And the more intimately involved people become the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion. In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association be- tween two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond which can overcome differences in back- ground, and break down barriers of age, class or race. 问：Which of the following contributes to friendship the most?（ ） 单选题 2分

15、阅读下面短文,请完成短文后的2项测试任务:(1)从第16~20题后所给的6个选项中第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题; International Advertising ❶International advertising entails dissemination of a commercial message to target audiences in more than one country. Target audiences differ from country to country in terms of how they perceive or interpret symbols or stimuli, respond to humor or emotional appeals, as well as in levels of literacy and languages spoken. ❷How the advertising function is organized also varies. In some cases, multinational firms centralize advertising decisions and budgets and use the same or a limited number of agencies world- wide. In other cases, budgets are decentralized and placed in the hands of local subsidiaries, resulting in greater use of local advertising agencies. ❸International advertising can, therefore, be viewed as a communication process that takes place in multiple cultures that differ in terms of values, communication styles and consumption pat- terns. International advertising is also a business activity involving advertisers and the advertising agencies that create ads and buy media in different countries. The sum total of these activities constitutes a worldwide industry that is growing in importance. International advertising is also a major force that both reflects social values, and propagates certain values worldwide. ❹ In international markets the process of communicating to a target audience is more complex because communication takes place across multiple contexts, which differ in terms of language, literacy, and other cultural factors. In addition, media differ in their effectiveness in carrying different appeals. A message may, therefore, not get through to the audience because of people ' s inability to understand it (due to literacy problems), because they misinterpret the message by attaching different meanings to the words or symbols used, or because they do not respond to the message due to a lack of income to purchase the advertised product. Media limitations also play a role in the failure of a communication to reach its intended audience. ❺The process of communication in international markets involves a number of steps. First, the advertiser determines the appropriate message for the target audience. Next, the message is o encoded so that it will be clearly understood in different cultural contexts. The message is then sent through media channels to the audience who then decodes and reacts to the message. At each stage in the process, cultural barriers may hamper effective transmission of the message and result in miscommunication. 16. Paragraph❶ 17. Paragraph❷ 18. Paragraph❸ 19. Paragraph❹ 20. Paragraph❺ A. Audiences in International Advertising B. Steps in Advertising as a Communication Process C. The Ways the Advertising Function Is Organized D. International Advertising as a Communication Process E. Definition of International Advertising F. The Author's Opinion about International Advertising 简答题 10分

16、从第21~25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 International Advertising ❶International advertising entails dissemination of a commercial message to target audiences in more than one country. Target audiences differ from country to country in terms of how they perceive or interpret symbols or stimuli, respond to humor or emotional appeals, as well as in levels of literacy and languages spoken. ❷How the advertising function is organized also varies. In some cases, multinational firms centralize advertising decisions and budgets and use the same or a limited number of agencies world- wide. In other cases, budgets are decentralized and placed in the hands of local subsidiaries, resulting in greater use of local advertising agencies. ❸International advertising can, therefore, be viewed as a communication process that takes place in multiple cultures that differ in terms of values, communication styles and consumption pat- terns. International advertising is also a business activity involving advertisers and the advertising agencies that create ads and buy media in different countries. The sum total of these activities constitutes a worldwide industry that is growing in importance. International advertising is also a major force that both reflects social values, and propagates certain values worldwide. ❹ In international markets the process of communicating to a target audience is more complex because communication takes place across multiple contexts, which differ in terms of language, literacy, and other cultural factors. In addition, media differ in their effectiveness in carrying different appeals. A message may, therefore, not get through to the audience because of people ' s inability to understand it (due to literacy problems), because they misinterpret the message by attaching different meanings to the words or symbols used, or because they do not respond to the message due to a lack of income to purchase the advertised product. Media limitations also play a role in the failure of a communication to reach its intended audience. ❺The process of communication in international markets involves a number of steps. First, the advertiser determines the appropriate message for the target audience. Next, the message is o encoded so that it will be clearly understood in different cultural contexts. The message is then sent through media channels to the audience who then decodes and reacts to the message. At each stage in the process, cultural barriers may hamper effective transmission of the message and result in miscommunication. 21. International advertising entails dissemination of a commercial message to （ ）in many countries. 22. Multinational firms centralize （ ） and use the same or a limited number of agencies worldwide. 23. Besides being seen as a communication process, international advertising is also （ ） that both reflects social values, and propagates certain values worldwide. 24. In international markets the process of communicating to a target audience is more complex because （ ）differ in terms of language, literacy, and other cultural factors. 25.The （ ） determines the appropriate message for the target audience. A. advertiser B. cultural barriers C. target audiences D. advertising decisions and budgets E. a major force F. the multiple contexts of communication 简答题 10分

17、其下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。 Air Pollution There was one thought that air pollution affected only the areas immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. （26） On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air resulting from the burning of coal and oil is creating a greenhouse effect". It conserves heat reflected from the earth and raised the world's average temperature. （27） Thus much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water. （28） This is a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to o new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen. （29） Driven by economic profit, people neglect the damage on our environment caused by the" advanced civilization". （30） But is it really worthwhile? A. Perhaps, if we are lucky enough the two tendencies will offset (抵消)each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now. B. If this view is correct, the world ' s temperature is raised only a few degrees. C. Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. D. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. E. Lately, global warming is becoming a serious problem. F. Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere(大气)is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature. 简答题 10分

18、下面的短文有10处空白,短文后列出12个词,其中10个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。 Cultural Estrangement （隔阂）between Visitors and Americans A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, （31） ,and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also （32） made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small- minded officials, rude waiters, and （33） taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and （34） were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. I The harsh realities （35） the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn （36） to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the （37） of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary travelers. （38） , the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The （39） friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to " trans- late" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural （40） of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to, distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. A. casual B. except C. harshness D. of F. implications E. consequently G. courteous H. ill-mannered I. loneliness J. Yet K. frequently L.at 简答题 15分

19、下面的短文有10处空白,每处空白后的括号内有一个词,请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中,以恢复文章原貌。 The Name “United Nations” The name "United Nations" was （41） (probable) devised by U.S.（42） (preside)Franklin D. Roosevelt, and first group of representatives of the member states met and signed a no （43） (declare) of common purpose on New Year's Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after debate at the （44） (confer)on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the UN Charter by 50 countries on 26 June, 1945. Poland, not represented at the meeting signed the Charter （45）(late)and was added to the list of （46） (origin)members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been （47）(official) approved and signed by China, France, the USSR, the UK and the US and by a （48） (major )of the other participants, the UN came into 49 (exist). The date was 24 October, now （50） (universe) celebrated as United Nations Day. 简答题 15分

20、短文写作。假设你是李芳,在 China Daily上读到了下面的广告,请写一封120词左右的申请信。 简答题 30分