1、Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese， making changes when necessary. molecule 大分子 （ ） 填空题 1分

2、sphere 半球；大脑半球 （ ） 填空题 1分

3、normal 异常的，畸形的 （ ） 填空题 1分

4、technology 生物技术 （ ） 填空题 1分

5、sell 过分吹嘘 （ ） 填空题 1分

6、wave 微波 （ ） 填空题 1分

7、disciplinary 多种学科的 （ ） 填空题 1分

8、runner 预兆；前兆 （ ） 填空题 1分

9、regular 不规则的；不整齐的 （ ） 填空题 1分

10、lie 位于……之下 （ ） 填空题 1分

11、Directions: Fill in the blanks， each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form. proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 1.I often （ ） him in the park. 填空题 1分

12、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 2.Tom will have to pay an amount of compensation （ ） the damage he did. 填空题 1分

13、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 3.I （ ） the fact that he went home last month. 填空题 1分

14、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 4.Recent market fluctuations （ ） our company policy. 填空题 1分

15、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 5. Our newspapers and magazines to （ ） all opinions. 填空题 1分

16、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 6.She changed into old clothes （ ） comfort. 填空题 1分

17、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 7.The people for the experiment were chosen completely （ ）. 填空题 1分

18、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 8.She set up the charitable trust （ ） her father. 填空题 1分

19、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 9.It has （ ） that he was lying. 填空题 1分

20、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 10.The astronaut （ ） danger （ ） being part of the job. 填空题 1分

21、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 11.His exam results were not very good， but we must （ ） his long illness. 填空题 1分

22、proportional to be ignorant of at random come to light in memory of take into account bump into have a bearing on for the sake of account for accept. .. as cater for 12.Rice （ ） nearly half our grain output. 填空题 1分

23、Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 23.( ) 填空题 1分

24、about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 24.( ) 填空题 1分

25、about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 25.( ) 填空题 1分

26、about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 26.( ) 填空题 1分

27、about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 27.( ) 填空题 1分

28、about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 28.( ) 填空题 1分

29、about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 29.( ) 填空题 1分

30、about forward though noticed on in that related The last decade has brought (23) a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers (24) that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle. In 1620 Sir Francis Bacon speculated that their similarity of shorelines could not be an accident (25) he did not consider actual movement. During the 1800s there were discoveries of identical fossils and rock layers (26) the two continents. In 1912 the German meteorologist Wegener put (27) the hypothesis (28) all the continents of the earth have moved， (29) the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig-saw puzzle， He suggested that the movement was the result of forces (30) to the spin of the earth. 30.( ) 填空题 1分

31、Directions: Translate the following sentences into English， each using one of the given words or phrases below. deficient outweigh differentiate access to come into one`s own 1.他不能成立自己的公司，因为缺少资金。 简答题 2分

32、deficient outweigh differentiate access to come into one`s own 2.是什么使得这两种产品有所区别？ 简答题 2分

33、deficient outweigh differentiate access to come into one`s own 3.在这件事上，不利条件远远超过有利条件。 简答题 2分

34、deficient outweigh differentiate access to come into one`s own 4.基因组的发现使得人们有科学方法来了解生命。 简答题 2分

35、deficient outweigh differentiate access to come into one`s own 5.对梦的科学研究仍没有得到应有的重视。 简答题 2分

36、Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Cyberspace，of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal computers connected by modems--via the telephone system-to commercial online services， as well as the millions more with high-speed links to local area networks， office E-mail systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phones and data traffic； communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit； low-flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees， connecting folks too far-flung， or too much on the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace， transformed into interactive＂teleputers＂by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV companies（including Time Warner）are building along the old cable lines，using fiber optics and high-speed switches， PART:READING COMPREHENSION 简答题 15分

37、(A) Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it. In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated. Even in empty space, particles can appear spontaneously as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and the a positron (正电子), or antielectron, can be created out of the void. Particles created in this way have only a fleeting existence; they are annihilated almost as soon as they appear , and their presence can never be detected directly. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected. Thus it is still possible to define the vacuum as a space that has no real particles in it. One might expect that the vacuum would always be the state of lowest possible energy for a given region of space. If an area is initially empty and a real particle is put into it, the total energy, it seems, should be raised by at least the energy equivalent of the mass of the added particle. A surprising result of some recent theoretical investigations is that this assumption is not invariably true. There are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy If the reduction in energy is great enough an electron and a positron will be spontaneously created. Under these conditions the electron and the positron are not result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist indefinitely and can be detected. In other words, under these conditions the vacuum is an unstable state and can decay into a state of a lower energy, i. e, one in which real particles are created. The essential condition for the decay of the vacuum is the presence of an intense electric field. As a result of the decay of the vacuum, the space permeated by such a field can be said to acquire an electric charge(电荷), and it can be called a charged vacuum. The particles that materialize in the space make the charge manifest. An electric field of sufficient intensity to create a charged vacuum is likely to be found in only one place: in the immediate vicinity of(紧靠)a superheavy atomic nucleus, one with about twice as many protons as the heaviest natural nuclei known. A nucleus that large cannot be stable, but it might be possible to assemble one next to a vacuum for long enough to observe the day of the vacuum, Experiments attempting to achieve this are now under way. 1.Which of the following titles best describes the passage as a whole?（ ） 单选题 2分

38、(A) Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it. In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated. Even in empty space, particles can appear spontaneously as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and the a positron (正电子), or antielectron, can be created out of the void. Particles created in this way have only a fleeting existence; they are annihilated almost as soon as they appear , and their presence can never be detected directly. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected. Thus it is still possible to define the vacuum as a space that has no real particles in it. One might expect that the vacuum would always be the state of lowest possible energy for a given region of space. If an area is initially empty and a real particle is put into it, the total energy, it seems, should be raised by at least the energy equivalent of the mass of the added particle. A surprising result of some recent theoretical investigations is that this assumption is not invariably true. There are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy If the reduction in energy is great enough an electron and a positron will be spontaneously created. Under these conditions the electron and the positron are not result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist indefinitely and can be detected. In other words, under these conditions the vacuum is an unstable state and can decay into a state of a lower energy, i. e, one in which real particles are created. The essential condition for the decay of the vacuum is the presence of an intense electric field. As a result of the decay of the vacuum, the space permeated by such a field can be said to acquire an electric charge(电荷), and it can be called a charged vacuum. The particles that materialize in the space make the charge manifest. An electric field of sufficient intensity to create a charged vacuum is likely to be found in only one place: in the immediate vicinity of(紧靠)a superheavy atomic nucleus, one with about twice as many protons as the heaviest natural nuclei known. A nucleus that large cannot be stable, but it might be possible to assemble one next to a vacuum for long enough to observe the day of the vacuum, Experiments attempting to achieve this are now under way. 2.According to the passage， the assumption that the introduction of a real particle into a vacuum raises the total energy of that region of space has been cast into doubt by which of the following？（ ） 单选题 2分

39、(A) Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it. In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated. Even in empty space, particles can appear spontaneously as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and the a positron (正电子), or antielectron, can be created out of the void. Particles created in this way have only a fleeting existence; they are annihilated almost as soon as they appear , and their presence can never be detected directly. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected. Thus it is still possible to define the vacuum as a space that has no real particles in it. One might expect that the vacuum would always be the state of lowest possible energy for a given region of space. If an area is initially empty and a real particle is put into it, the total energy, it seems, should be raised by at least the energy equivalent of the mass of the added particle. A surprising result of some recent theoretical investigations is that this assumption is not invariably true. There are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy If the reduction in energy is great enough an electron and a positron will be spontaneously created. Under these conditions the electron and the positron are not result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist indefinitely and can be detected. In other words, under these conditions the vacuum is an unstable state and can decay into a state of a lower energy, i. e, one in which real particles are created. The essential condition for the decay of the vacuum is the presence of an intense electric field. As a result of the decay of the vacuum, the space permeated by such a field can be said to acquire an electric charge(电荷), and it can be called a charged vacuum. The particles that materialize in the space make the charge manifest. An electric field of sufficient intensity to create a charged vacuum is likely to be found in only one place: in the immediate vicinity of(紧靠)a superheavy atomic nucleus, one with about twice as many protons as the heaviest natural nuclei known. A nucleus that large cannot be stable, but it might be possible to assemble one next to a vacuum for long enough to observe the day of the vacuum, Experiments attempting to achieve this are now under way. 3.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists are currently making efforts to observe which of the following events？（ ） 单选题 2分

40、(A) Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it. In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated. Even in empty space, particles can appear spontaneously as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and the a positron (正电子), or antielectron, can be created out of the void. Particles created in this way have only a fleeting existence; they are annihilated almost as soon as they appear , and their presence can never be detected directly. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected. Thus it is still possible to define the vacuum as a space that has no real particles in it. One might expect that the vacuum would always be the state of lowest possible energy for a given region of space. If an area is initially empty and a real particle is put into it, the total energy, it seems, should be raised by at least the energy equivalent of the mass of the added particle. A surprising result of some recent theoretical investigations is that this assumption is not invariably true. There are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy If the reduction in energy is great enough an electron and a positron will be spontaneously created. Under these conditions the electron and the positron are not result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist indefinitely and can be detected. In other words, under these conditions the vacuum is an unstable state and can decay into a state of a lower energy, i. e, one in which real particles are created. The essential condition for the decay of the vacuum is the presence of an intense electric field. As a result of the decay of the vacuum, the space permeated by such a field can be said to acquire an electric charge(电荷), and it can be called a charged vacuum. The particles that materialize in the space make the charge manifest. An electric field of sufficient intensity to create a charged vacuum is likely to be found in only one place: in the immediate vicinity of(紧靠)a superheavy atomic nucleus, one with about twice as many protons as the heaviest natural nuclei known. A nucleus that large cannot be stable, but it might be possible to assemble one next to a vacuum for long enough to observe the day of the vacuum, Experiments attempting to achieve this are now under way. 4.According to the passage， the author considers the reduction of energy in an empty region of space to which a real particle has been added to be （ ）. 单选题 2分

41、(A) Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it. In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated. Even in empty space, particles can appear spontaneously as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and the a positron (正电子), or antielectron, can be created out of the void. Particles created in this way have only a fleeting existence; they are annihilated almost as soon as they appear , and their presence can never be detected directly. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected. Thus it is still possible to define the vacuum as a space that has no real particles in it. One might expect that the vacuum would always be the state of lowest possible energy for a given region of space. If an area is initially empty and a real particle is put into it, the total energy, it seems, should be raised by at least the energy equivalent of the mass of the added particle. A surprising result of some recent theoretical investigations is that this assumption is not invariably true. There are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy If the reduction in energy is great enough an electron and a positron will be spontaneously created. Under these conditions the electron and the positron are not result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist indefinitely and can be detected. In other words, under these conditions the vacuum is an unstable state and can decay into a state of a lower energy, i. e, one in which real particles are created. The essential condition for the decay of the vacuum is the presence of an intense electric field. As a result of the decay of the vacuum, the space permeated by such a field can be said to acquire an electric charge(电荷), and it can be called a charged vacuum. The particles that materialize in the space make the charge manifest. An electric field of sufficient intensity to create a charged vacuum is likely to be found in only one place: in the immediate vicinity of(紧靠)a superheavy atomic nucleus, one with about twice as many protons as the heaviest natural nuclei known. A nucleus that large cannot be stable, but it might be possible to assemble one next to a vacuum for long enough to observe the day of the vacuum, Experiments attempting to achieve this are now under way. 5.According to the passage， virtual particles differ from real particles in which of the following ways？（ ） 单选题 2分

42、(B) An EI Nino year begins when the trade winds lessen. Without these winds to blow warm surface water to the western Pacific， sea currents pull the warm water east， along with the storms and rain The result is drought in countries of the western Pacific and heavy rainfall in the central Pacific and along the coast of South America. The appearance of all this warm water in the east has deleterious effects on the west coast of the Americas. Deprived of cold nutrient-rich water， fish stocks plummet， as marine life either starves or migrates to other waters. Agriculture also suffers. Dry weather crops found along South America usually arid coastal regions seldom survive heavy rainfall or flooding. But the climatic disruption caused by EI Nino stretches far beyond the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Ocean currents that pull the warm water toward South America create winds that blow across Central America and the Caribbean，into the Atlantic. These break apart storm clouds heading toward southern Africa. The result is drought there. Plenty is known about EI Nino destructive potential， but the phenomenon itself remains frustratingly mysterious. Despite years of research, climatologists are still unable to predict how destructive and EI Nino will be when it arrives. However, progress is being made on forecasting when one will occur. This is vital because if enough warning is given, steps can be taken to limit the destruction and suffering that follow a bad EI Nino. At the very least, farmers would know whether to plant dry or wet weather crops. Of more concern is the possible relationship between EI Ninos and global warming. Climatologists believe that El Ninos will become more frequent and more severe in a warmer world. There is no conclusive evidence to support this, but it may be significant that the two most destructive EI Ninos on record occurred in the last two decades of the twentieth century which were the warmest on record. If it turns that EI Nino is affected by global warming, this news portends badly for the future. It would mean that even a very small increase in the average global temperature could totally alter the world's weather patterns. This would upset many ecosystems and could result in widespread starvation, epidemics, and the extinction of certain key species EI Nino is widely seen as a curse. But, if it makes us more aware of global warming, we may one day remember it as a blessing. 6.What does the passage mainly discuss?（ ） 单选题 2分

43、(B) An EI Nino year begins when the trade winds lessen. Without these winds to blow warm surface water to the western Pacific， sea currents pull the warm water east， along with the storms and rain The result is drought in countries of the western Pacific and heavy rainfall in the central Pacific and along the coast of South America. The appearance of all this warm water in the east has deleterious effects on the west coast of the Americas. Deprived of cold nutrient-rich water， fish stocks plummet， as marine life either starves or migrates to other waters. Agriculture also suffers. Dry weather crops found along South America usually arid coastal regions seldom survive heavy rainfall or flooding. But the climatic disruption caused by EI Nino stretches far beyond the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Ocean currents that pull the warm water toward South America create winds that blow across Central America and the Caribbean，into the Atlantic. These break apart storm clouds heading toward southern Africa. The result is drought there. Plenty is known about EI Nino destructive potential， but the phenomenon itself remains frustratingly mysterious. Despite years of research, climatologists are still unable to predict how destructive and EI Nino will be when it arrives. However, progress is being made on forecasting when one will occur. This is vital because if enough warning is given, steps can be taken to limit the destruction and suffering that follow a bad EI Nino. At the very least, farmers would know whether to plant dry or wet weather crops. Of more concern is the possible relationship between EI Ninos and global warming. Climatologists believe that El Ninos will become more frequent and more severe in a warmer world. There is no conclusive evidence to support this, but it may be significant that the two most destructive EI Ninos on record occurred in the last two decades of the twentieth century which were the warmest on record. If it turns that EI Nino is affected by global warming, this news portends badly for the future. It would mean that even a very small increase in the average global temperature could totally alter the world's weather patterns. This would upset many ecosystems and could result in widespread starvation, epidemics, and the extinction of certain key species EI Nino is widely seen as a curse. But, if it makes us more aware of global warming, we may one day remember it as a blessing. 7.How does the warm water in the eastern Pacific affect the west coast of the Americas?（ ） 单选题 2分

44、(B) An EI Nino year begins when the trade winds lessen. Without these winds to blow warm surface water to the western Pacific， sea currents pull the warm water east， along with the storms and rain The result is drought in countries of the western Pacific and heavy rainfall in the central Pacific and along the coast of South America. The appearance of all this warm water in the east has deleterious effects on the west coast of the Americas. Deprived of cold nutrient-rich water， fish stocks plummet， as marine life either starves or migrates to other waters. Agriculture also suffers. Dry weather crops found along South America usually arid coastal regions seldom survive heavy rainfall or flooding. But the climatic disruption caused by EI Nino stretches far beyond the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Ocean currents that pull the warm water toward South America create winds that blow across Central America and the Caribbean，into the Atlantic. These break apart storm clouds heading toward southern Africa. The result is drought there. Plenty is known about EI Nino destructive potential， but the phenomenon itself remains frustratingly mysterious. Despite years of research, climatologists are still unable to predict how destructive and EI Nino will be when it arrives. However, progress is being made on forecasting when one will occur. This is vital because if enough warning is given, steps can be taken to limit the destruction and suffering that follow a bad EI Nino. At the very least, farmers would know whether to plant dry or wet weather crops. Of more concern is the possible relationship between EI Ninos and global warming. Climatologists believe that El Ninos will become more frequent and more severe in a warmer world. There is no conclusive evidence to support this, but it may be significant that the two most destructive EI Ninos on record occurred in the last two decades of the twentieth century which were the warmest on record. If it turns that EI Nino is affected by global warming, this news portends badly for the future. It would mean that even a very small increase in the average global temperature could totally alter the world's weather patterns. This would upset many ecosystems and could result in widespread starvation, epidemics, and the extinction of certain key species EI Nino is widely seen as a curse. But, if it makes us more aware of global warming, we may one day remember it as a blessing. 8.According to the passage, which of the following is true of El Nino prediction research?（ ） 单选题 2分

45、(B) An EI Nino year begins when the trade winds lessen. Without these winds to blow warm surface water to the western Pacific， sea currents pull the warm water east， along with the storms and rain The result is drought in countries of the western Pacific and heavy rainfall in the central Pacific and along the coast of South America. The appearance of all this warm water in the east has deleterious effects on the west coast of the Americas. Deprived of cold nutrient-rich water， fish stocks plummet， as marine life either starves or migrates to other waters. Agriculture also suffers. Dry weather crops found along South America usually arid coastal regions seldom survive heavy rainfall or flooding. But the climatic disruption caused by EI Nino stretches far beyond the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Ocean currents that pull the warm water toward South America create winds that blow across Central America and the Caribbean，into the Atlantic. These break apart storm clouds heading toward southern Africa. The result is drought there. Plenty is known about EI Nino destructive potential， but the phenomenon itself remains frustratingly mysterious. Despite years of research, climatologists are still unable to predict how destructive and EI Nino will be when it arrives. However, progress is being made on forecasting when one will occur. This is vital because if enough warning is given, steps can be taken to limit the destruction and suffering that follow a bad EI Nino. At the very least, farmers would know whether to plant dry or wet weather crops. Of more concern is the possible relationship between EI Ninos and global warming. Climatologists believe that El Ninos will become more frequent and more severe in a warmer world. There is no conclusive evidence to support this, but it may be significant that the two most destructive EI Ninos on record occurred in the last two decades of the twentieth century which were the warmest on record. If it turns that EI Nino is affected by global warming, this news portends badly for the future. It would mean that even a very small increase in the average global temperature could totally alter the world's weather patterns. This would upset many ecosystems and could result in widespread starvation, epidemics, and the extinction of certain key species EI Nino is widely seen as a curse. But, if it makes us more aware of global warming, we may one day remember it as a blessing. 9.Which of the following is the author most likely to agree?（ ） 单选题 2分

46、(B) An EI Nino year begins when the trade winds lessen. Without these winds to blow warm surface water to the western Pacific， sea currents pull the warm water east， along with the storms and rain The result is drought in countries of the western Pacific and heavy rainfall in the central Pacific and along the coast of South America. The appearance of all this warm water in the east has deleterious effects on the west coast of the Americas. Deprived of cold nutrient-rich water， fish stocks plummet， as marine life either starves or migrates to other waters. Agriculture also suffers. Dry weather crops found along South America usually arid coastal regions seldom survive heavy rainfall or flooding. But the climatic disruption caused by EI Nino stretches far beyond the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Ocean currents that pull the warm water toward South America create winds that blow across Central America and the Caribbean，into the Atlantic. These break apart storm clouds heading toward southern Africa. The result is drought there. Plenty is known about EI Nino destructive potential， but the phenomenon itself remains frustratingly mysterious. Despite years of research, climatologists are still unable to predict how destructive and EI Nino will be when it arrives. However, progress is being made on forecasting when one will occur. This is vital because if enough warning is given, steps can be taken to limit the destruction and suffering that follow a bad EI Nino. At the very least, farmers would know whether to plant dry or wet weather crops. Of more concern is the possible relationship between EI Ninos and global warming. Climatologists believe that El Ninos will become more frequent and more severe in a warmer world. There is no conclusive evidence to support this, but it may be significant that the two most destructive EI Ninos on record occurred in the last two decades of the twentieth century which were the warmest on record. If it turns that EI Nino is affected by global warming, this news portends badly for the future. It would mean that even a very small increase in the average global temperature could totally alter the world's weather patterns. This would upset many ecosystems and could result in widespread starvation, epidemics, and the extinction of certain key species EI Nino is widely seen as a curse. But, if it makes us more aware of global warming, we may one day remember it as a blessing. 10.By saying "we may one day remember it as a blessing" the author suggests that having learned about EI Nino, sometime in the future, we will （ ）. 单选题 2分

47、The camera and the eye are similar in many respects. They both need light rays in order to function. Both have a sensitive surface on which the image is formed. In the eye the image is formed on the retina. In the camera the image is formed on the film， As in a camera， the image on the retina is inverted. Both the eye and the camera have a lens. The lens focuses the image on the sensitive surface. In the camera，the lens moves backward and forward In the eye the curvature of the lens is changed. In this respect the eye differs from the camera. Both the camera and the eye have a device to regulate the amount of light that passes through the lens. In the camera there is a shutter of variable speed and a diaphragm of variable aperture. In the eye the iris automatically adjusts the size of the pupil according to the intensity of light. Both the eye and the camera are sensitive to light， shade and color. The film records light， shade and color. The eye perceives them but does not record them. The two eyes together produce a three- dimensional image. The camera lens produces a two-dimensional image. The eye is more flexible than the camera. It can adapt more quickly to a wider range of light conditions. Both the camera and the eye can register small and distant objects. The camera performs these functions better than the eye. Camera VS Eye 47.（   ） 填空题 2分

48、The camera and the eye are similar in many respects. They both need light rays in order to function. Both have a sensitive surface on which the image is formed. In the eye the image is formed on the retina. In the camera the image is formed on the film， As in a camera， the image on the retina is inverted. Both the eye and the camera have a lens. The lens focuses the image on the sensitive surface. In the camera，the lens moves backward and forward In the eye the curvature of the lens is changed. In this respect the eye differs from the camera. Both the camera and the eye have a device to regulate the amount of light that passes through the lens. In the camera there is a shutter of variable speed and a diaphragm of variable aperture. In the eye the iris automatically adjusts the size of the pupil according to the intensity of light. Both the eye and the camera are sensitive to light， shade and color. The film records light， shade and color. The eye perceives them but does not record them. The two eyes together produce a three- dimensional image. The camera lens produces a two-dimensional image. The eye is more flexible than the camera. It can adapt more quickly to a wider range of light conditions. Both the camera and the eye can register small and distant objects. The camera performs these functions better than the eye. Camera VS Eye 48.（   ） 填空题 2分

49、The camera and the eye are similar in many respects. They both need light rays in order to function. Both have a sensitive surface on which the image is formed. In the eye the image is formed on the retina. In the camera the image is formed on the film， As in a camera， the image on the retina is inverted. Both the eye and the camera have a lens. The lens focuses the image on the sensitive surface. In the camera，the lens moves backward and forward In the eye the curvature of the lens is changed. In this respect the eye differs from the camera. Both the camera and the eye have a device to regulate the amount of light that passes through the lens. In the camera there is a shutter of variable speed and a diaphragm of variable aperture. In the eye the iris automatically adjusts the size of the pupil according to the intensity of light. Both the eye and the camera are sensitive to light， shade and color. The film records light， shade and color. The eye perceives them but does not record them. The two eyes together produce a three- dimensional image. The camera lens produces a two-dimensional image. The eye is more flexible than the camera. It can adapt more quickly to a wider range of light conditions. Both the camera and the eye can register small and distant objects. The camera performs these functions better than the eye. Camera VS Eye 49.（   ） 填空题 2分

50、The camera and the eye are similar in many respects. They both need light rays in order to function. Both have a sensitive surface on which the image is formed. In the eye the image is formed on the retina. In the camera the image is formed on the film， As in a camera， the image on the retina is inverted. Both the eye and the camera have a lens. The lens focuses the image on the sensitive surface. In the camera，the lens moves backward and forward In the eye the curvature of the lens is changed. In this respect the eye differs from the camera. Both the camera and the eye have a device to regulate the amount of light that passes through the lens. In the camera there is a shutter of variable speed and a diaphragm of variable aperture. In the eye the iris automatically adjusts the size of the pupil according to the intensity of light. Both the eye and the camera are sensitive to light， shade and color. The film records light， shade and color. The eye perceives them but does not record them. The two eyes together produce a three- dimensional image. The camera lens produces a two-dimensional image. The eye is more flexible than the camera. It can adapt more quickly to a wider range of light conditions. Both the camera and the eye can register small and distant objects. The camera performs these functions better than the eye. Camera VS Eye 50.（   ） 填空题 2分

51、The camera and the eye are similar in many respects. They both need light rays in order to function. Both have a sensitive surface on which the image is formed. In the eye the image is formed on the retina. In the camera the image is formed on the film， As in a camera， the image on the retina is inverted. Both the eye and the camera have a lens. The lens focuses the image on the sensitive surface. In the camera，the lens moves backward and forward In the eye the curvature of the lens is changed. In this respect the eye differs from the camera. Both the camera and the eye have a device to regulate the amount of light that passes through the lens. In the camera there is a shutter of variable speed and a diaphragm of variable aperture. In the eye the iris automatically adjusts the size of the pupil according to the intensity of light. Both the eye and the camera are sensitive to light， shade and color. The film records light， shade and color. The eye perceives them but does not record them. The two eyes together produce a three- dimensional image. The camera lens produces a two-dimensional image. The eye is more flexible than the camera. It can adapt more quickly to a wider range of light conditions. Both the camera and the eye can register small and distant objects. The camera performs these functions better than the eye. Camera VS Eye 51.（   ） 填空题 2分

52、Directions: Write a passage （150-200 words ） in English on the following title. Develop the idea according to the Chinese outline given below. Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags （1）一次性塑料袋曾被广为使用。 （2）由此带来的问题。 （3）限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义。 简答题 15分