1、I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points) The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided. The Benefits of Regular Exercise （1）In recent years, many people have become increasingly aware of the need for physical fitness. Almost everywhere people turn, whether to a news stall or television, advice for improving health bombards them. Although much of this advice is for commercial purposes, some of it, especially that advocating a regular exercise program, deserves serious attention. Such a program, if consisting of exercise at least thirty minutes three times a week, provides numerous benefits. Regular exercise releases tension, improves appearance, and increases stamina.(耐力) （2）The first of these benefits, the release of tension, is immediate. Tension builds in the body because of stress, anxiety, or fear. Doctors agree that participating in an active sport such as tennis or volleyball for thirty minutes eases tension. If a person swims, jogs or rides a bicycle for half that time, he would sleep better at night and have a better mood the next day. In addition, after the relief of tension, minor irritations and frustrations should be less troubling. For example, if one is upset by the day's work or by a traffic jam, he may rush home argue with the family, and eat excessively. Taking about thirty minutes to release frustrations through physical exercise could help him to avoid this behavior. Planned physical exercise, therefore, can eliminate or at least control tension. (3)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （4）In addition to an improved appearance, increased physical strength produces stamina. A stronger, healthier body is obviously more capable of working harder and, in fact, of withstanding normal fatigue A worker who exercises should be able to complete a forty-hour week and still retain enough energy for shopping and housework. Similarly, a student who goes to school, keeps house and perhaps works part-time should accomplish tasks more efficiently. Equally important, this stamina helps to keep off illnesses such as colds and influenza. Altogether, improving endurance is one of the most important benefits of a regular exercise program. （5）Although easy solutions to weight-losing and body-shaping flood the media, actually acquiring these benefits is not easy. The rewards, however, are fully worth the effort. An established exercise program makes a person feel relaxed, look good, and have adequate strength for strenuous as well as routine activities. 简答题 20分

2、II. Write an outline. (20 points) Read the following passage carefully and compose a"sentence outline" for it. How to Raise a Moral Robot （1）In the future, humans will create more intelligent and more moral robots than those portrayed in the recent film Chappie. What the film touches on is perhaps the greatest challenge of raising moral robots The toughest part is how to safely integrate robots into society. As is known, humans are the most powerful learning machines on Earth. If robots are to be part of human society, they have to become at least second best at learning. Is it possible for humans to produce moral robot learners? （2）More and more scientists of artificial intelligence (AD)agree that true intelligence comes from learning, not just from programming. With a growing number of machine learning approaches available, robots can take in new information. They turn that information into instructions and learn from feedback to adjust actions in the ever-changing environments. （3）Robot learning, however, must have limits. If scientists succeed in building sophisticated robots that can learn, they will have to establish limits to how robots learn. If robots are allowed to learn anything they can and want, they may become brutal bullies. Therefore, programmers must set rules and laws that prohibit them from learning anything socially undesirable. （4）One approach to that problem is democratic robot learning. Programmers write a small number of fundamental norms into the robot, and let it learn the remaining ones. These fundamental norms will include prevention of harm, especially to humans, but also politeness and respect. The norms will then be translated into behavior, for example, what it means to be polite in a particular context. They also define conditions under which one fundamental norm can replace another. It's OK, for instance, to drop politeness when a robot tries to save someone from harm. （5）Democratic robot learning would also guide a robot in dealing with contradictory teachers. Say one person tries to teach the robot to share, and another tries to teach it to steal. In that case, the robot should ask the whole community which teacher it should listen to. After all, the norms and morals of a community are typically held by the majority of members in that community. （6）This approach would also prevent robots from learning something evil in human society. Humans are generally cooperative and kind towards those whom they consider part of their group, but they can become wicked and cruel towards those outside their group. If robots learn such hostile sentiments and evil actions, they may very well become a threat to humanity. Take robots in some science-fiction films for example. They get out of human control, turn their human masters into slaves, and even kill them. If those horrible scenes come into reality, it would be a disaster to mankind. （7）Somehow, society will have to protect robots from continuing dark human heritage. If successful, robots will be helpful to humanity as a whole-lending a hand in production, health care, education and elder care. That is what AI scientists should pursue, and those are the moral robots human society should raise. 简答题 20分

3、Ⅲ. Compose an essay. (60 points) When young people look for fake boy/ girlfriends to spend holidays with, they often turn to "rent-a-boy/girlfriend" services online. Write a 300-word expository essay exploring the effects of this phenomenon. 简答题 60分