1、Colleges use endowment money for student aid and campus improvements, and for financial security.（  ） 单选题 2分

2、The space age began as a race for security and prestige between two superpowers.（  ） 单选题 2分

3、But, as was the case in Iraq, we cannot do for Afghans what they must ultimately do for themselves.（  ） 单选题 2分

4、Graduation for students in humanities is comparatively easier compared with other major.（ ） 判断题 2分

5、Some students have to s tutor undergraduate to support their study and life.（ ） 判断题 2分

6、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen， striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen； and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures， largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers，coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources （private property）， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy， the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. In Para. 1，“ the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means（ ）. 单选题 2分

7、The first two sentences in the second paragraph clarity the idea to us that( ). 单选题 2分

8、The word “embraces” in Para. 3 probably parallels( ). 单选题 2分

9、According to the passage， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by( ). 单选题 2分

10、The passage is mainly talking about( ). 单选题 2分

11、These students must earn their keep by patching together amix of grants and wages for helping to teach undergraduate courses —a job that eats into research time. 简答题 2分

12、The current recession has only exacerbated the problem, with many institutions imposing hiring freezes or layoffs. 简答题 2分

13、In the United States, 30 percent of the grown-up population has a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause is clear: we eat too much. But scientific experiments do little to support this idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less , and didn’t watch television. Several modern studies, besides, have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people. In fact, some research work, such as the 1979 study of 3,545 London office workers, reports that fat study by research group at Standford University School of Medicine found the following fact: the more the man ran, the greater body fat he lost. The more her ran, the greater was his need for food. Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat. What kind of physical problem do many grown-up Americans have? 简答题 2分

14、What have some modern medical and scientific researchers reported to us? 简答题 2分

15、What the author think about the Americans of 1910 compared with the grown-up Americans today? 简答题 2分