1、 When a lady customer intends to buy a coat with white stripes, what is she supposed to place an emphasize on if she says to the shop assistant? 单选题 2分

2、Decide on the correct stress pattern of the answer to the question. ——Where did he go next? —— （） 单选题 2分

3、To the scientists’ delight, their efforts have increased people’s （）of the importance of saving water. 单选题 2分

4、 The word “chronology” contains（） morphemes. 单选题 2分

5、Judging from her speeches and behaviors, Mary has a strict （）. 单选题 2分

6、 （）your valuable help, we couldn’t have finished the experiment ahead of time. 单选题 2分

7、 It was with great joy （）he knew that his GMAT score was 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business. 单选题 2分

8、 You can sleep on the couch in the lounge, （）you can go to a hotel nearby. 单选题 2分

9、 In most circumstances, the assumption of cooperation is so pervasive that it can be stated as a cooperative principle of conversation and elaborated in maxims below except（） . 单选题 2分

10、 Despite differences in conversational style, speakers are helped by automatic patterns in daily interactions such as “Hi”, “Hi”, known as“（）”. 单选题 2分

11、 To distinguish sounds, students are encouraged to practice（） . 单选题 2分

12、 Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modern language teaching theories? 单选题 2分

13、 When a teacher intends to introduce a new grammar item, which of the following strategies can be used to get students to notice it? 单选题 2分

14、If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teach listening, he/she is likely to present（）. 单选题 2分

15、 In a complex integration task, a teacher is expected to devise a series of activities which are（） linked. 单选题 2分

16、To grasp the gist of a passage in a quick way, what may a reader focus on? 单选题 2分

17、 When checking students’ understanding of a certain language point in class, which of the following utterances is a teacher expected to make? 单选题 2分

18、 At a higher level of writing, which of the following cognitive skills should NOT be encouraged? 单选题 2分

19、When a student has made a sentence “I borrowed a paper from Miss Li”, the teacher says, “Do you mean ‘a piece of paper’?”Here the teacher is playing the role of a(n)（） . 单选题 2分

20、Which of the following can NOT be regarded as a feature of successful English teacher? 单选题 2分

21、Passage 1 Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain---- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pink tissue paper. But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity. My mother contributed to these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I'd helped when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even though I didn’t’t know him. When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled on my mirror in red lipstick: "Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive. ' I thought about that quotation from Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it. When l finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again. I don’t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, "You just don't understand!'' Because she did understand. One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things. The day before my father died, my mother and I had gone shopping for a prom dress. We'd found a spectacular one. with yards and yards of dotted swiss in red, white and blue. It made me feel like Scarlet O'Hara, but it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress. My mother didn’t’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress ---- in the right size ---- draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn't just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me ---- beautifully, artistically, lovingly. I didn't care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative: imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia----lovely, strong and perfect---- with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery. My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming. 问题:The best title for this passage would be “（）”. 单选题 2分

22、 Passage 1 Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain---- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pink tissue paper. But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity. My mother contributed to these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I'd helped when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even though I didn’t’t know him. When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled on my mirror in red lipstick: "Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive. ' I thought about that quotation from Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it. When l finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again. I don’t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, "You just don't understand!'' Because she did understand. One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things. The day before my father died, my mother and I had gone shopping for a prom dress. We'd found a spectacular one. with yards and yards of dotted swiss in red, white and blue. It made me feel like Scarlet O'Hara, but it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress. My mother didn’t’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress ---- in the right size ---- draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn't just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me ---- beautifully, artistically, lovingly. I didn't care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative: imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia----lovely, strong and perfect---- with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery. My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming. 问题:Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a likely giver of the flower? 单选题 2分

23、 Passage 1 Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain---- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pink tissue paper. But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity. My mother contributed to these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I'd helped when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even though I didn’t’t know him. When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled on my mirror in red lipstick: "Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive. ' I thought about that quotation from Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it. When l finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again. I don’t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, "You just don't understand!'' Because she did understand. One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things. The day before my father died, my mother and I had gone shopping for a prom dress. We'd found a spectacular one. with yards and yards of dotted swiss in red, white and blue. It made me feel like Scarlet O'Hara, but it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress. My mother didn’t’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress ---- in the right size ---- draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn't just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me ---- beautifully, artistically, lovingly. I didn't care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative: imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia----lovely, strong and perfect---- with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery. My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming. 问题:The underlined word “scribbled” in Paragraph 4 means “（）”. 单选题 2分

24、Passage 1 Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain---- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pink tissue paper. But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity. My mother contributed to these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I'd helped when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even though I didn’t’t know him. When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled on my mirror in red lipstick: "Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive. ' I thought about that quotation from Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it. When l finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again. I don’t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, "You just don't understand!'' Because she did understand. One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things. The day before my father died, my mother and I had gone shopping for a prom dress. We'd found a spectacular one. with yards and yards of dotted swiss in red, white and blue. It made me feel like Scarlet O'Hara, but it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress. My mother didn’t’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress ---- in the right size ---- draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn't just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me ---- beautifully, artistically, lovingly. I didn't care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative: imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia----lovely, strong and perfect---- with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery. My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming. 问题:At the end of paragraph 6, the underlined phrase “those things” does not include “（）”. 单选题 2分

25、 Passage 1 Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain---- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender's identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pink tissue paper. But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity. My mother contributed to these imaginings. She'd ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I'd helped when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even though I didn’t’t know him. When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled on my mirror in red lipstick: "Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive. ' I thought about that quotation from Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it. When l finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again. I don’t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, "You just don't understand!'' Because she did understand. One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things. The day before my father died, my mother and I had gone shopping for a prom dress. We'd found a spectacular one. with yards and yards of dotted swiss in red, white and blue. It made me feel like Scarlet O'Hara, but it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress. My mother didn’t’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress ---- in the right size ---- draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn't just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me ---- beautifully, artistically, lovingly. I didn't care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative: imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia----lovely, strong and perfect---- with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery. My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming. 问题:Why didn’t’t her mother tell her that she was anonymous giver of gardenia? 单选题 2分

26、Passage 2 They're faithful, friendly and furry -- but under their harmless, fluffy exteriors, dogs and cats, the world's most popular house pets, use up more energy resources in a year than driving a car, a new book says. In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, New Zealand-based architects Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium-sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km (6,213 miles) a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser." There are no recipes in the book," Robert Vale said, laughingly, in a telephone interview. "We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We're just saying that we need to think about and know the [ecological] impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted." Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 ha -- or 1.1 ha in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd. Meat-eating swells the eco-footprint of canines, and felines are not that much better, the Vales found. The average cat's eco-footprint, 0.15 ha, weighs in at slightly less than a Volkswagen Golf, but still 10 times a hamster's 0.014 ha -- which is itself half the eco-cost of running a plasma television. By comparison, the ecological footprint of an average human in the developing world is 1.8 ha, while people in the developed world take 6 ha. With pets' diets under the control of owners, how can their unsustainable appetites be trimmed? Convincing carnivorous cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non-starter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping "greener," smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, hamsters, chickens or rabbits. The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully "recycled," by being eaten by their owners or turned into petfood when they die, may not appeal to animal fans. Offputting as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet's growing population and finite resources, Robert Vale said. "Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It's not just about changing your lightbulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket," he said. "It's about much more challenging and difficult issues," he added. "Once you see where [cats and dogs] fit in your overall balance of things -- you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself." 问题:An appropriate title for this passage might be “（）”. 单选题 2分

27、 Passage 2 They're faithful, friendly and furry -- but under their harmless, fluffy exteriors, dogs and cats, the world's most popular house pets, use up more energy resources in a year than driving a car, a new book says. In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, New Zealand-based architects Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium-sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km (6,213 miles) a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser." There are no recipes in the book," Robert Vale said, laughingly, in a telephone interview. "We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We're just saying that we need to think about and know the [ecological] impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted." Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 ha -- or 1.1 ha in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd. Meat-eating swells the eco-footprint of canines, and felines are not that much better, the Vales found. The average cat's eco-footprint, 0.15 ha, weighs in at slightly less than a Volkswagen Golf, but still 10 times a hamster's 0.014 ha -- which is itself half the eco-cost of running a plasma television. By comparison, the ecological footprint of an average human in the developing world is 1.8 ha, while people in the developed world take 6 ha. With pets' diets under the control of owners, how can their unsustainable appetites be trimmed? Convincing carnivorous cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non-starter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping "greener," smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, hamsters, chickens or rabbits. The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully "recycled," by being eaten by their owners or turned into petfood when they die, may not appeal to animal fans. Offputting as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet's growing population and finite resources, Robert Vale said. "Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It's not just about changing your lightbulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket," he said. "It's about much more challenging and difficult issues," he added. "Once you see where [cats and dogs] fit in your overall balance of things -- you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself." 问题:Which of the following is a practice recommend by the Vales? 单选题 2分

28、Passage 2 They're faithful, friendly and furry -- but under their harmless, fluffy exteriors, dogs and cats, the world's most popular house pets, use up more energy resources in a year than driving a car, a new book says. In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, New Zealand-based architects Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium-sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km (6,213 miles) a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser." There are no recipes in the book," Robert Vale said, laughingly, in a telephone interview. "We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We're just saying that we need to think about and know the [ecological] impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted." Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 ha -- or 1.1 ha in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd. Meat-eating swells the eco-footprint of canines, and felines are not that much better, the Vales found. The average cat's eco-footprint, 0.15 ha, weighs in at slightly less than a Volkswagen Golf, but still 10 times a hamster's 0.014 ha -- which is itself half the eco-cost of running a plasma television. By comparison, the ecological footprint of an average human in the developing world is 1.8 ha, while people in the developed world take 6 ha. With pets' diets under the control of owners, how can their unsustainable appetites be trimmed? Convincing carnivorous cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non-starter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping "greener," smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, hamsters, chickens or rabbits. The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully "recycled," by being eaten by their owners or turned into petfood when they die, may not appeal to animal fans. Offputting as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet's growing population and finite resources, Robert Vale said. "Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It's not just about changing your lightbulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket," he said. "It's about much more challenging and difficult issues," he added. "Once you see where [cats and dogs] fit in your overall balance of things -- you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself." 问题:The writer’s attitude toward keeping dogs and pets might best be summarized as “（）”. 单选题 2分

29、Passage 2 They're faithful, friendly and furry -- but under their harmless, fluffy exteriors, dogs and cats, the world's most popular house pets, use up more energy resources in a year than driving a car, a new book says. In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, New Zealand-based architects Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium-sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km (6,213 miles) a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser." There are no recipes in the book," Robert Vale said, laughingly, in a telephone interview. "We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We're just saying that we need to think about and know the [ecological] impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted." Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 ha -- or 1.1 ha in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd. Meat-eating swells the eco-footprint of canines, and felines are not that much better, the Vales found. The average cat's eco-footprint, 0.15 ha, weighs in at slightly less than a Volkswagen Golf, but still 10 times a hamster's 0.014 ha -- which is itself half the eco-cost of running a plasma television. By comparison, the ecological footprint of an average human in the developing world is 1.8 ha, while people in the developed world take 6 ha. With pets' diets under the control of owners, how can their unsustainable appetites be trimmed? Convincing carnivorous cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non-starter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping "greener," smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, hamsters, chickens or rabbits. The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully "recycled," by being eaten by their owners or turned into petfood when they die, may not appeal to animal fans. Offputting as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet's growing population and finite resources, Robert Vale said. "Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It's not just about changing your lightbulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket," he said. "It's about much more challenging and difficult issues," he added. "Once you see where [cats and dogs] fit in your overall balance of things -- you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself." 问题:The underlined word “offputting” in the last paragraph is closet in meaning to “（）”. 单选题 2分

30、 Passage 2 They're faithful, friendly and furry -- but under their harmless, fluffy exteriors, dogs and cats, the world's most popular house pets, use up more energy resources in a year than driving a car, a new book says. In their book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable Living, New Zealand-based architects Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium-sized dog has the same ecological impact as driving 10,000 km (6,213 miles) a year in a 4.6 liter Land Cruiser." There are no recipes in the book," Robert Vale said, laughingly, in a telephone interview. "We're not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We're just saying that we need to think about and know the [ecological] impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted." Constructing and driving the jeep for a year requires 0.41 hectares of land, while growing and manufacturing a dog's food takes about 0.84 ha -- or 1.1 ha in the case of a large dog such as a German shepherd. Meat-eating swells the eco-footprint of canines, and felines are not that much better, the Vales found. The average cat's eco-footprint, 0.15 ha, weighs in at slightly less than a Volkswagen Golf, but still 10 times a hamster's 0.014 ha -- which is itself half the eco-cost of running a plasma television. By comparison, the ecological footprint of an average human in the developing world is 1.8 ha, while people in the developed world take 6 ha. With pets' diets under the control of owners, how can their unsustainable appetites be trimmed? Convincing carnivorous cats and dogs to go vegetarian for the sake of the planet is a non-starter, the Vales say. Instead they recommend keeping "greener," smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, hamsters, chickens or rabbits. The book's playful title, and serious suggestion that pet animals may be usefully "recycled," by being eaten by their owners or turned into petfood when they die, may not appeal to animal fans. Offputting as the idea may be, the question is valid given the planet's growing population and finite resources, Robert Vale said. "Issues about sustainability are increasingly becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It's not just about changing your lightbulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket," he said. "It's about much more challenging and difficult issues," he added. "Once you see where [cats and dogs] fit in your overall balance of things -- you might decide to have the cat but not also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself." 问题:It can be inferred that “their” in the first sentence of paragraph 7 refers to “（）”. 单选题 2分

31、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。 课堂导入是初中英语课堂教学常用的步骤之一。以课文“Christmas” 为例， 写出四种常见的导入方法并各举一例说明。 简答题 30分

32、 下面是一段初中英语课堂实录片段。阅读后回答下列四个问题: （1）该教学片段采用什么方法呈现语法项目？（6 分） （2）你的判断依据是什么（至少两条）？（12 分） （3）分析该方法的利弊（至少各两条），并举例说明。（8 分） （4）分析该教学片段所存在的问题。（4 分） 教学片段: Teacher: Hello, everyone, today we’re going to learn the Present Perfect. What is the Present Perfect? The Present Perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. For example: I have already finished my homework. She has worked out a plan. As you can see, the Present Perfect is made up of two parts: have + past principle(done),... (Then the teacher began to illustrate different usages of the Present Perfect.) 简答题 30分

33、 设计任务:根据提供的信息和语言素材设计一节课的教案。 该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点: ①teaching objectives ②teaching contents ③key and difficult points ④major steps and time allocation ⑤activities and justification 教学时间:45 分钟 学生概况:某城镇普通中学八年级（初中二年级）学生，班级人数 40 人。多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准（2011 年版）》三级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。 语言素材: My Family Hi, I’m Jenny. Here are two nice photos of my family. My grandfather and grandmother are in the first photo. These are my parents, Alan and Mary. In the next picture are my brothers, Bob and Eric. These two girls are my sister Cindy and my cousin Helen. Coco is in my family, too. 简答题 30分